The 2022 Port Governance report also highlights the trend of cooperation, either between ports, or with other stakeholders in the port ecosystem and beyond. The degree of cooperation varies from creating coalitions of the willing on a specific issue to full mergers.

Every five years, ESPO carries out an extensive Port Governance Fact Finding Survey.

More than 70 port managing bodies covering 20 Member States participated in the survey which forms the basis of the “Trends in Ports’ Governance 2022” report.